Re: A question regarding timing

From: Ed Davies (edavies@nildram.co.uk)
Date: Wed Feb 14 2001 - 09:31:18 PST

  • Next message: Jonathan T Wojack: "Re: A question regarding timing"

    Mir16609@aol.com wrote:
    > GPS units are set to the proper time at manufacture but do not adjust for the 
    > leap seconds that are added every 2-3 years.  The last leap second was added 
    > on January 1st, 1999.
    
    This is not quite right.  As Don says, the GPS system does have its own 
    time base consisting of week numbers and seconds into week which does not 
    follow the leap seconds added in UTC so it becomes progressively further 
    from UTC over the years.  However, the signal transmitted by the satellites 
    also includes the current offset between GPS time and UTC.  Most GPS receivers 
    make the adjustment and display UTC.
    
    The Garmin GPS-100 produces a position and time fix once every two seconds.
    Therefore, if the UTC times start as odd numbers they tend to stay this way
    normally but as the leap second is added to UTC its offset from GPS time 
    is updated and the receiver corrects its output changing to even numbered
    seconds.  This takes a few seconds to happen as this recording of the NMEA 
    output from a GPS-100 I made over midnight 1995-12-31 to 1996-01-01 when a 
    leap second was inserted shows:
    
    > $GPRMC,235955,A,5137.55,N,00047.49,W,001.6,020.2,311295,,*06
    > $GPRMC,235957,A,5137.55,N,00047.49,W,001.6,020.2,311295,,*04
    > $GPRMC,235959,A,5137.56,N,00047.48,W,001.6,019.7,311295,,*07
    > $GPRMC,000001,A,5137.56,N,00047.48,W,001.5,021.4,010196,,*0E
    > $GPRMC,000003,A,5137.56,N,00047.48,W,001.6,024.1,010196,,*0F
    > $GPRMC,000005,A,5137.56,N,00047.48,W,001.7,026.7,010196,,*0C
    > $GPRMC,000007,A,5137.56,N,00047.48,W,001.6,025.8,010196,,*03
    > $GPRMC,000009,A,5137.56,N,00047.48,W,001.7,027.5,010196,,*03
    > $GPRMC,000012,A,5137.56,N,00047.48,W,001.8,028.1,010196,,*0D
    > $GPRMC,000014,A,5137.56,N,00047.48,W,001.7,027.4,010196,,*0E
    > $GPRMC,000016,A,5137.56,N,00047.48,W,001.6,028.8,010196,,*0E
    > $GPRMC,000018,A,5137.56,N,00047.48,W,001.5,028.9,010196,,*02
    > $GPRMC,000020,A,5137.56,N,00047.48,W,001.4,029.4,010196,,*04
    
    I've just shown the GPRMC sentences for compactness.  The time is the first 
    field after "GPRMC", of course.
    
    Ed Davies
    
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